SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="UNESCO_ASPNet" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO ASPNet">UNESCO ASPNet</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For its rewrite, see <a href="ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">ASP.NET (software)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">January 5, 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2002-01-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">4.8.1

/ August 9, 2022<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2022-08-09</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/aspnet/AspNetWebStack">github<wbr>.com<wbr>/aspnet<wbr>/AspNetWebStack</a></span> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">.NET languages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/apps/aspnet">dotnet<wbr>.microsoft<wbr>.com<wbr>/en-us<wbr>/apps<wbr>/aspnet</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">ASP.NET (file format)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><code>.aspx</code>, <code><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">.cshtml</a></code>, <code><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">.vbhtml</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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text/html</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>ASP.NET</b> is a <a href="Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">server-side</a> <a href="Web-application_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-application framework">web-application framework</a> designed for <a href="Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a> to produce <a href="Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">dynamic web pages</a>. It was developed by <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> to allow <a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">programmers</a> to build dynamic <a href="Web_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Web site">web sites</a>, <a href="Web_application" title="Web application">applications</a> and <a href="Web_service" title="Web service">services</a>. The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.

</p><p>It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> and is the successor to Microsoft's <a href="Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">Active Server Pages</a> (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the <a href="Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime">Common Language Runtime</a> (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported <a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">.NET language</a>. The ASP.NET <a href="SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

</p><p>In 2016, Microsoft released <a href="ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a> as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular <a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">web framework</a>, together with other frameworks like <a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a>. The new framework uses the new open-source <a href=".NET_Compiler_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Compiler Platform">.NET Compiler Platform</a> (codename "Roslyn") and is <a href="Cross_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross platform">cross platform</a>. <a href="ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">ASP.NET MVC</a>, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only <a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a> pages) have merged into a unified MVC 6.<sup id="cite_ref-asp.net_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asp.net-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming_models">Programming models</h2></div>

<p>ASP.NET supports a number of programming models for building web applications:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">ASP.NET Web Forms</a> – A framework for building modular pages out of components, with UI events being processed server-side. This framework is not included in the ASP.NET Core versions; it only works in the "classic" ASP.NET, on Windows.</li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">ASP.NET MVC</a> – allows building web pages using the <a href="Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller" title="Model–view–controller">model–view–controller</a> design pattern.</li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Pages" class="mw-redirect" title="ASP.NET Web Pages">ASP.NET Web Pages</a> – A lightweight syntax for adding dynamic code and data access directly inside HTML markup.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_API" class="mw-redirect" title="ASP.NET Web API">ASP.NET Web API</a> – A framework for building <a href="Web_API" title="Web API">Web APIs</a> on top of the <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>ASP.NET WebHooks – Implements the <a href="Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a> pattern for subscribing to and publishing events via HTTP.</li>

<li><a href="SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a> – A real-time communications framework for bi-directional communication between client and server.</li></ul>

<p>Other ASP.NET extensions include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a> – Components that implement the <code>System.Web.IHttpHandler</code> interface. Unlike ASP.NET Pages, they have no HTML-markup file, no events and other supporting. All they have is a code-file (written in any <a href="List_of_CLI_languages" title="List of CLI languages">.NET-compatible language</a>) that writes some data to the server HTTP response. HTTP handlers are similar to <a href="ISAPI" class="mw-redirect" title="ISAPI">ISAPI</a> extensions.</li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">ASP.NET AJAX</a> – An extension with both client-side as well as server-side components for writing ASP.NET pages that incorporate <a href="AJAX_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="AJAX (programming)">Ajax</a> functionality.</li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">ASP.NET Dynamic Data</a> – A <a href="Scaffold_(programming)" title="Scaffold (programming)">scaffolding</a> extension to build data driven web applications.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IIS_integrated_pipeline">IIS integrated pipeline</h2></div>

<p>On <a href="Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a> 6.0 and lower, pages written using different versions of the ASP framework cannot share <a href="#Session_state">session state</a> without the use of third-party libraries. This does not apply to ASP.NET and ASP applications running side by side on IIS 7. With IIS 7.0, modules may be run in an integrated pipeline that allows modules written in any language to be executed for any request.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third-party_frameworks">Third-party frameworks</h2></div>

<p>It is not essential to use the standard Web forms development model when developing with ASP.NET. Noteworthy frameworks designed for the platform include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Base_One_Foundation_Component_Library" title="Base One Foundation Component Library">Base One Foundation Component Library</a> (BFC) is <a href="Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a> framework for building .NET <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> and <a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> applications.</li>

<li><a href="DotNetNuke" class="mw-redirect" title="DotNetNuke">DotNetNuke</a> is an open-source solution that provides both a web application framework and a content management system that allows for advanced extensibility through modules, skins, and providers.</li>

<li><a href="MonoRail_(software)" title="MonoRail (software)">Castle MonoRail</a>, an open-source <a href="Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller" title="Model–view–controller">MVC</a> framework with an execution model similar to <a href="Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a>. The framework is commonly used with <a href="Castle_ActiveRecord" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle ActiveRecord">Castle ActiveRecord</a>, an ORM layer built on <a href="NHibernate" title="NHibernate">NHibernate</a>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2></div>

<p>ASP.NET's release history tightly correlates with the <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> releases:

</p>

<th style="width:8%">Date

</th>

<th style="width:8%">Version

</th>

<th class="unsortable" style="width:30%">Remarks

</th>

<th class="unsortable" style="width:45%">New ASP.NET related features

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>January 16, 2002

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="1.00"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 1.0<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1295599781">

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</td>

<td>First version<br>

<p>released together with <a href="Visual_Studio_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio .NET">Visual Studio .NET</a>

</p>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object-oriented</a> Web application development supporting <a href="Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">inheritance</a>, <a href="Polymorphism_in_object-oriented_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism in object-oriented programming">polymorphism</a> and other standard OOP features

<ul><li>Developers are no longer forced to use Server.CreateObject(...), so early-binding and type safety are possible.</li></ul></li>

<li>Based on <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> programming; the developer can make use of DLL class libraries and other features of the Web server to build more robust applications that do more than simply rendering HTML (e.g., <a href="Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception handling</a>)</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>April 24, 2003

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="1.10"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 1.1

</td>

<td>released together with <a href="Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a><br>

<p>released together with <a href="Visual_Studio_.NET_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio .NET 2003">Visual Studio .NET 2003</a>

</p>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>Mobile controls</li>

<li>Automatic input validation</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>November 7, 2005

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="2.00"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 2.0

</td>

<td>

<p>codename <a href="Microsoft_codenames" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft codenames">Whidbey</a><br>

released together with <a href="Visual_Studio_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2005">Visual Studio 2005</a> and <a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Visual Web Developer Express</a><br>

and <a href="Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server 2005</a>

</p>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>New data controls (GridView, FormView, DetailsView)</li>

<li>New technique for declarative data access (SqlDataSource, ObjectDataSource, XmlDataSource controls)</li>

<li>Navigation controls</li>

<li><a href="ASP_master_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="ASP master pages">Master pages</a></li>

<li>Login controls</li>

<li>Themes</li>

<li>Skins</li>

<li>Web parts</li>

<li>Personalization services</li>

<li>Full pre-compilation</li>

<li>New localization technique</li>

<li>Support for 64-bit processors</li>

<li>Provider class model</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>November 21, 2006

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.00"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 3.0

</td>

<td>Released with <a href="Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> (WPF)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Windows Workflow Foundation</a> (WF)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a>, which can use ASP.NET to host services</li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">Windows CardSpace</a>, which uses ASP.NET for login roles</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>November 19, 2007

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.50"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 3.5

</td>

<td>Released with <a href="Visual_Studio_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2008">Visual Studio 2008</a> and <a href="Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>New data controls (ListView, DataPager)</li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_AJAX" title="ASP.NET AJAX">ASP.NET AJAX</a> included as part of the framework</li>

<li>Support for HTTP pipelining and syndication feeds.</li>

<li>WCF support for RSS, JSON, POX and Partial Trust</li>

<li>All the <a href=".NET_Framework_3.5" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 3.5">.NET Framework 3.5</a> changes, like <a href="Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">LINQ</a> etc.</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>August 11, 2008

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="3.51"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 3.5 Service Pack 1

</td>

<td>Released with Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>Incorporation of <a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">ASP.NET Dynamic Data</a></li>

<li>Support for controlling browser history in an ASP.NET AJAX application</li>

<li>Ability to combine multiple <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> files into one file for more efficient downloading</li>

<li>New namespaces System.Web.Abstractions and System.Web.Routing</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>April 12, 2010

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="4.00"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 4.0

</td>

<td>Released with <a href="Visual_Studio_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2010">Visual Studio 2010</a>

<p>Parallel extensions and other <a href=".NET_Framework_4" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4">.NET Framework 4</a> features

</p>

</td>

<td>

<p>The two new properties added in the Page class are MetaKeyword and MetaDescription.

</p>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>August 15, 2012

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="4.50"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 4.5

</td>

<td>Released with <a href="Visual_Studio_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2012">Visual Studio 2012</a> and <a href="Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a> for <a href="Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>

<p>Parallel extensions and other <a href=".NET_Framework_4.5" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Framework 4.5">.NET Framework 4.5</a> features

</p>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>October 17, 2013

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="4.51"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 4.5.1

</td>

<td>Released with <a href="Visual_Studio_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2013">Visual Studio 2013</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="Windows_Server_2012_R2" title="Windows Server 2012 R2">Windows Server 2012 R2</a> and <a href="Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="Bootstrap_(front-end_framework)" title="Bootstrap (front-end framework)">Bootstrap</a> 3.0</li>

<li>Web API 2: <a href="OAuth" title="OAuth">OAuth</a> 2.0, <a href="Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">OData</a> improvements, <a href="Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_MVC" title="ASP.NET MVC">MVC</a> 5: Attribute routing, authentication filters and filter overrides</li>

<li><a href="SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a></li>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.52"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.5.2

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>Higher reliability HTTP header inspection and modification methods</li>

<li>New way to schedule background asynchronous worker tasks</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.60"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.6

</td>

<td>Released<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="Visual_Studio_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Studio 2015">Visual Studio 2015</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">EF</a> 7 Previews for <a href="Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Windows Server 2016</a> and <a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li><a href="HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">HTTP/2</a> support when running on Windows 10</li>

<li>More async task-returning APIs</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>November 30, 2015<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.61"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.6.1

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>August 2, 2016<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.62"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.6.2

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>Improved async support (output-cache and session providers)</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>April 11, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.70"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.7

</td>

<td>Included in the Windows 10 Creators Update<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>operating system support for TLS protocols</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>October 17, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.71"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.7.1

</td>

<td>Included in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>Improved accessibility</li>

<li>Value tuple types serialization</li>

<li>SHA-2 support</li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>April 30, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Supported" data-sort-value="4.72"><span style="display: none;">Supported:</span> 4.7.2

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>August 09, 2022<sup id="cite_ref-lifecycle_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td class="templateVersion c swatch-latest" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Latest version" data-sort-value="4.80"><span style="display: none;">Latest version:</span> <span style="font-weight: 600">4.8.1 </span>

</td>

<td>Released<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

<ul><li>JIT and NGEN Improvements</li>

<li>Updated <a href="Zlib" title="Zlib">ZLib</a></li>

<li>Reducing FIPS Impact on Cryptography</li>

<li>Accessibility Enhancements for <a href="WinForms" class="mw-redirect" title="WinForms">WinForms</a></li>

<li>Service Behavior Enhancements for <a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">WCF</a></li>

<li>High DPI Enhancements, UIAutomation Improvements for <a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">WPF</a></li></ul>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>November 18, 2015

</td>

<td class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" title="Unsupported" data-sort-value="4.90"><span style="display: none;">Unsupported:</span> 5 RC1

</td>

<td>This version was later separated from ASP.NET and brought into a new project called <a href="ASP.NET_Core" title="ASP.NET Core">ASP.NET Core</a>, whose versioning started at 1.0.<sup id="cite_ref-GHreleases_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GHreleases-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>An entirely new project with different development tenets and goals

</td></tr>

<td colspan="4"><div class="templateVersion l version-legend" style=""><div style=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Legend:</b></span></div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Unsupported</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Supported</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item"><b>Latest version</b></div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Preview version</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Future version</div></div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_implementations">Other implementations</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> Project supports "everything in .NET 4.7 except <a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">WPF</a>, <a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">WWF</a>, and with limited <a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">WCF</a> and limited ASP.NET 4.7 async stack."<sup id="cite_ref-monoproject_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monoproject-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASP.NET can be run with Mono using one of three options: <a href="Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a> hosting using the <a href="Mod_mono" title="Mod mono">mod_mono</a> module, <a href="FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FastCGI</a> hosting, and <a href="XSP_(software)" title="XSP (software)">XSP</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet-framework/net481">".net framework download page"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms994405.aspx">"Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable EULA"</a>. <i><a href="MSDN" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN">MSDN</a></i>. <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 13 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161923/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms994405.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-asp.net-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asp.net_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.asp.net/en/latest/conceptual-overview/aspnet.html#unify">"Introduction to ASP.NET 5 — ASP.NET 0.0.1 documentation"</a>. <i>asp.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508045123/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/?view=aspnetcore-3.1">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/choose-aspnet-framework?view=aspnetcore-2.1">"Choose between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>. 10 April 2024.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-pages/overview/getting-started/aspnet-web-pages-razor-faq#Whats_the_difference_between_ASP.NET_Web_Pages,_ASP.NET_Web_Forms,_and_ASP.NET_MVC">"ASP.NET Web Pages (Razor) FAQ"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-api/overview/getting-started-with-aspnet-web-api/tutorial-your-first-web-api">"Get Started with ASP.NET Web API 2 (C#)"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>. 30 September 2022.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100324031657/http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/244/how-to-take-advantage-of-the-iis7-integrated-pipeline">"How to Take Advantage of the IIS 7.0 Integrated Pipeline"</a>. <i>iis.net</i>. 14 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/244/how-to-take-advantage-of-the-iis7-integrated-pipeline">the original</a> on 24 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webdev/archive/2013/10/17/announcing-release-of-asp-net-and-web-tools-for-visual-studio-2013.aspx">"Announcing release of ASP.NET and Web Tools for Visual Studio 2013"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lifecycle-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lifecycle_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=.net%20framework">".net framework product lifecycle"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2015/07/20/announcing-net-framework-4-6.aspx">"Announcing .NET Framework 4.6"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/visualstudio/archive/2015/07/20/visual-studio-2015-and-visual-studio-2013-update-5-released.aspx">"Visual Studio 2015 and Visual Studio 2013 Update 5 Released"</a>. <i>msdn.com</i>. Microsoft. 20 July 2015.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/04/05/announcing-the-net-framework-4-7/">"Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7"</a>. 5 April 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/10/17/announcing-the-net-framework-4-7-1/">"Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7.1"</a>. 17 October 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-the-net-framework-4-8/">"Announcing the .NET Framework 4.8"</a>. 18 April 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GHreleases-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GHreleases_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/aspnet/Home/releases">"Releases"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-monoproject-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monoproject_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/compatibility/">"Compatibility | Mono"</a>. <i>Compatibility | Mono</i>. 8 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702192925/http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/compatibility/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldSzpuszta2005" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Matthew; Szpuszta, Mario (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proaspnet20inc200000macd"><i>Pro ASP.NET 2.0 in C# 2005</i></a></span> (1st ed.). Apress. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-59059-496-7</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has more on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/ASP.NET" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a></b></i></div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asp.net">Official website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Whatis_New_ASP_Net_4.aspx">Some of new features in ASP.NET 4 and vs 2010 IDE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225171923/http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Whatis_New_ASP_Net_4.aspx%20%0A">Archived</a> 2018-12-25 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id=".NET630" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_.NET_strategy" title="Microsoft .NET strategy">.NET strategy</a></li>

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<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>

<ul><li><a href=".NET_Framework_version_history" title=".NET Framework version history">Version history</a></li></ul></li>

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<li><a href="COM_Interop" title="COM Interop">COM Interop</a></li>

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<ul><li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li>

<li><a href="ClickOnce" title="ClickOnce">ClickOnce</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="Extensible_Application_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Application Markup Language">Extensible Application Markup Language</a> (XAML)</li>

<li><a href="Language_Integrated_Query" title="Language Integrated Query">Language Integrated Query</a> (LINQ)</li>

<li><a href="Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a></li>

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<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a> (WCF)

<ul><li><a href="WCF_Data_Services" title="WCF Data Services">WCF Data Services</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a> (WinForms)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Identity_Foundation" title="Windows Identity Foundation">Windows Identity Foundation</a> (WIF)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> (WPF)</li>

<li><a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Windows Workflow Foundation</a> (WF)</li>

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">.NET Remoting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_tool" title="Programming tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Decompiler" title="Decompiler">Decompilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href=".NET_Reflector" title=".NET Reflector">.NET Reflector</a></li>

<li><a href="JetBrains" title="JetBrains">dotPeek</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Obfuscation_(software)" title="Obfuscation (software)">Obfuscators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dotfuscator" title="Dotfuscator">Dotfuscator</a></li>

<li><a href="Redgate" title="Redgate">SmartAssembly</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="ILAsm" title="ILAsm">ILAsm</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Compiler_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Compiler Platform">.NET Compiler Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_Image_Generator" title="Native Image Generator">Native Image Generator</a> (NGen)</li>

<li><a href="XAMLPad" class="mw-redirect" title="XAMLPad">XAMLPad</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Blend" title="Microsoft Blend">Blend</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Express</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li>

<li><a href="SharpDevelop" title="SharpDevelop">SharpDevelop</a></li>

<li><a href="Xamarin_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Xamarin Studio">Xamarin Studio</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href=".NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li>

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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_APIs_and_frameworks486" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Microsoft_APIs_and_frameworks486" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">Microsoft APIs and frameworks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Graphics and UI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>

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<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Component" title="Windows Imaging Component">Windows Imaging Component</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Graphics_Infrastructure" title="DirectX Graphics Infrastructure">DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)</a></li>

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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectMusic" title="DirectMusic">DirectMusic</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectSound" title="DirectSound">DirectSound</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Speech_API" title="Microsoft Speech API">Speech API</a></li>

<li><a href="XAudio2" title="XAudio2">XAudio2</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>

<ul><li><a href="DirectX_Media_Objects" class="mw-redirect" title="DirectX Media Objects">Media Objects</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Video_Acceleration" title="DirectX Video Acceleration">Video Acceleration</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xinput" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinput">Xinput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectInput" title="DirectInput">DirectInput</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_DirectX" title="Managed DirectX">Managed DirectX</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_Foundation" title="Media Foundation">Media Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media" title="Windows Media">Windows Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Web</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Trident_(software)" title="Trident (software)">MSHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Gadgets" title="Microsoft Gadgets">SideBar Gadgets</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Data access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Data_Access_Components" title="Microsoft Data Access Components">Data Access Components (MDAC)</a>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Sync_Framework" title="Microsoft Sync Framework">Sync Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="MSXML" title="MSXML">MSXML</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Winsock" title="Winsock">Winsock</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_networking_technologies#Winsock_Kernel" title="Windows Vista networking technologies">Winsock Kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Filtering_Platform" title="Windows Filtering Platform">Filtering Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Rally" title="Windows Rally">Windows Rally</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectPlay" title="DirectPlay">DirectPlay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MAPI" title="MAPI">Messaging API</a></li>

<li><a href="Telephony_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Telephony Application Programming Interface">Telephony API</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Administration and<br>management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Win32_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Win32 console">Win32 console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">Windows Script Host</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI (extensions)</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Vista_I/O_technologies#Offline_Files" title="Windows Vista I/O technologies">Offline Files</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer#Windows_Event_Log" title="Event Viewer">Event Log</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">Common Log File System</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component model</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">Distributed Component Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Framework_Class_Library" title="Framework Class Library">Framework Class Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Foundation_Class_Library" title="Microsoft Foundation Class Library">Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Template_Library" title="Active Template Library">Active Template Library (ATL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library (WTL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_CryptoAPI" title="Microsoft CryptoAPI">Crypto API</a>

<ul><li><a href="CAPICOM" title="CAPICOM">CAPICOM</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">Windows CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_API" title="Data Protection API">Data Protection API</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Support_Provider_Interface" title="Security Support Provider Interface">Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Software_Factory_(Microsoft_.NET)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Factory (Microsoft .NET)">Software factories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Enterprise Library</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">IPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_RPC" title="Microsoft RPC">MSRPC</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Data_Exchange" title="Dynamic Data Exchange">Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Remoting" title=".NET Remoting">Remoting</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Accessibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Active_Accessibility" title="Microsoft Active Accessibility">Active Accessibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_UI_Automation" title="Microsoft UI Automation">UI Automation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em">Text and multilingual<br>support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DirectWrite" title="DirectWrite">DirectWrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Services_Framework" title="Text Services Framework">Text Services Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Object_Model" title="Text Object Model">Text Object Model</a></li>

<li><a href="Input_method" title="Input method">Input method editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_Interface_Pack" title="Language Interface Pack">Language Interface Pack</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilingual_User_Interface" title="Multilingual User Interface">Multilingual User Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniscribe" title="Uniscribe">Uniscribe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_development_tools271" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Microsoft_development_tools271" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Microsoft development tools</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development<br>environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio_Express" title="Microsoft Visual Studio Express">Express</a></li>

<li><a href="VSTS_Profiler" title="VSTS Profiler">Team System Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Applications" title="Visual Studio Tools for Applications">Tools for Applications</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Office" title="Visual Studio Tools for Office">Tools for Office</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Blend" title="Microsoft Blend">Blend</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Expression_Web" title="Microsoft Expression Web">Expression Web</a></li>

<li><a href="FxCop" title="FxCop">FxCop</a></li>

<li><a href="GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_MACRO-80" title="Microsoft MACRO-80">MACRO-80</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Macro_Assembler" title="Microsoft Macro Assembler">Macro Assembler</a></li>

<li><a href="MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Pascal" title="Microsoft Pascal">Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a>

<ul><li><a href="QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="QuickC" title="QuickC">QuickC</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Robotics_Developer_Studio" title="Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio">Robotics Developer Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_SharePoint_Designer" title="Microsoft SharePoint Designer">SharePoint Designer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">FrontPage</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_WebMatrix" title="Microsoft WebMatrix">WebMatrix</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_App_Studio" title="Windows App Studio">Windows App Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_SDK" title="Microsoft Windows SDK">Windows SDK</a>

<ul><li><a href="CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="ILAsm" title="ILAsm">ILAsm</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_Image_Generator" title="Native Image Generator">Native Image Generator</a></li>

<li><a href="WinDiff" title="WinDiff">WinDiff</a></li>

<li><a href="XAMLPad" class="mw-redirect" title="XAMLPad">XAMLPad</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Dynamics_AX" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Dynamics AX">Dynamics AX</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">BASIC</a></li>

<li>Visual Basic

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">legacy</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B" title="Microsoft Visual C++">Visual C++</a>

<li><a href="Managed_Extensions_for_C%2B%2B" title="Managed Extensions for C++">Managed C++</a></li>

<li><a href="C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li>

<li><a href="Dexterity_(programming_language)" title="Dexterity (programming language)">Dexterity</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_FoxPro" title="Visual FoxPro">Visual FoxPro</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>

<ul><li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>

<li><a href="IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">APIs and<br>frameworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">Windows API</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Silverlight" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Silverlight</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>

<ul><li><a href="Managed_DirectX" title="Managed DirectX">Managed DirectX</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Xbox_Development_Kit" title="Xbox Development Kit">Xbox Development Kit</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="WinUI" class="mw-redirect" title="WinUI">WinUI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Communication Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Identity_Foundation" title="Windows Identity Foundation">Identity Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Presentation Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Workflow_Foundation" title="Windows Workflow Foundation">Workflow Foundation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Windows_Hardware_Lab_Kit" title="Windows Hardware Lab Kit">Windows HLK</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Database</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SQL_Server_Express" title="SQL Server Express">Express</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Server_Compact" title="SQL Server Compact">Compact</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Server_Management_Studio" title="SQL Server Management Studio">Management Studio</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">SQL services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Analysis_Services" title="Microsoft Analysis Services">Analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Server_Reporting_Services" title="SQL Server Reporting Services">Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Server_Integration_Services" title="SQL Server Integration Services">Integration</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_Server_Notification_Services" title="SQL Server Notification Services">Notification</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visual_FoxPro" title="Visual FoxPro">Visual FoxPro</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access">Microsoft Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Access_Database_Engine" title="Access Database Engine">Access Database Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_SourceSafe" title="Microsoft Visual SourceSafe">Visual SourceSafe</a></li>

<li><a href="Azure_DevOps_Server#TFVC" title="Azure DevOps Server">Team Foundation Version Control</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and<br>debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CodeView" title="CodeView">CodeView</a></li>

<li><a href="OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li>

<li><a href="Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Script_Debugger" title="Microsoft Script Debugger">Script Debugger</a></li>

<li><a href="WinDbg" title="WinDbg">WinDbg</a></li>

<li><a href="XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delivery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Setup" title="Active Setup">Active Setup</a></li>

<li><a href="ClickOnce" title="ClickOnce">ClickOnce</a></li>

<li><a href="NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li>

<li><a href="Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Platform_Installer" title="Web Platform Installer">Web Platform Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)290" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Microsoft_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)290" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software (FOSS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Microsoft and open source</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="3D_Movie_Maker" title="3D Movie Maker">3D Movie Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Conference_XP" title="Conference XP">Conference XP</a></li>

<li><a href="Family.Show" title="Family.Show">Family.Show</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Live_Writer" title="Open Live Writer">Open Live Writer</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Edit">Microsoft Edit</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_PowerToys" title="Microsoft PowerToys">Microsoft PowerToys</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Windows Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Package_Manager" title="Windows Package Manager">Windows Package Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="WorldWide_Telescope" title="WorldWide Telescope">WorldWide Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_Notepad" title="XML Notepad">XML Notepad</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allegiance_(video_game)" title="Allegiance (video game)">Allegiance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming<br>languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bosque_(programming_language)" title="Bosque (programming language)">Bosque</a></li>

<li><a href="Dafny" title="Dafny">Dafny</a></li>

<li><a href="GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li>

<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>

<li><a href="IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Verona" title="Project Verona">Project Verona</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic Online</a></li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks,<br>development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Gadgeteer" title=".NET Gadgeteer">.NET Gadgeteer</a></li>

<li><a href=".NET_Micro_Framework" title=".NET Micro Framework">.NET Micro Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="AirSim" title="AirSim">AirSim</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">ASP.NET Razor</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">ASP.NET Web Forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Avalonia_(software_framework)" title="Avalonia (software framework)">Avalonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Babylon.js" title="Babylon.js">Babylon.js</a></li>

<li><a href="BitFunnel" title="BitFunnel">BitFunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li>

<li><a href="C%2B%2B/WinRT" title="C++/WinRT">C++/WinRT</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a></li>

<li><a href="CLR_Profiler" title="CLR Profiler">CLR Profiler</a></li>

<li><a href="DeepSpeed" title="DeepSpeed">DeepSpeed</a></li>

<li><a href="DiskSpd" title="DiskSpd">DiskSpd</a></li>

<li><a href="Dryad_(programming)" title="Dryad (programming)">Dryad</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_Language_Runtime" title="Dynamic Language Runtime">Dynamic Language Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="EBPF_on_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="EBPF on Windows">eBPF on Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron</a></li>

<li><a href="Entity_Framework" title="Entity Framework">Entity Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent Design System</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluid_Framework" title="Fluid Framework">Fluid Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Infer.NET" title="Infer.NET">Infer.NET</a></li>

<li><a href="LightGBM" title="LightGBM">LightGBM</a></li>

<li><a href="Managed_Extensibility_Framework" title="Managed Extensibility Framework">Managed Extensibility Framework</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Automatic_Graph_Layout" title="Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout">Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_C%2B%2B_Standard_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft C++ Standard Library">Microsoft C++ Standard Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit" title="Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Microsoft Design Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Detours" title="Microsoft Detours">Microsoft Detours</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Enterprise_Library" title="Microsoft Enterprise Library">Microsoft Enterprise Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_SEAL" title="Microsoft SEAL">Microsoft SEAL</a></li>

<li><a href="Mimalloc" title="Mimalloc">mimalloc</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_Reality_Toolkit" title="Mixed Reality Toolkit">Mixed Reality Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="MonoDevelop" title="MonoDevelop">MonoDevelop</a></li>

<li><a href="MSBuild" title="MSBuild">MSBuild</a></li>

<li><a href="MsQuic" title="MsQuic">MsQuic</a></li>

<li><a href="Neural_Network_Intelligence" title="Neural Network Intelligence">Neural Network Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="NuGet" title="NuGet">NuGet</a></li>

<li><a href="OneFuzz" title="OneFuzz">OneFuzz</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Management_Infrastructure" title="Open Management Infrastructure">Open Management Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Neural_Network_Exchange" title="Open Neural Network Exchange">Open Neural Network Exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Service_Mesh" title="Open Service Mesh">Open Service Mesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Orleans_(software_framework)" title="Orleans (software framework)">Orleans</a></li>

<li><a href="Playwright_(software)" title="Playwright (software)">Playwright</a></li>

<li><a href="ProcDump" title="ProcDump">ProcDump</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_Monitor" title="Process Monitor">ProcMon</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="Python Tools for Visual Studio">Python Tools for Visual Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="R_Tools_for_Visual_Studio" title="R Tools for Visual Studio">R Tools for Visual Studio</a></li>

<li><a href="RecursiveExtractor" class="mw-redirect" title="RecursiveExtractor">RecursiveExtractor</a></li>

<li><a href="Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandcastle_(software)" title="Sandcastle (software)">Sandcastle</a></li>

<li><a href="SignalR" title="SignalR">SignalR</a></li>

<li><a href="StyleCop" title="StyleCop">StyleCop</a></li>

<li><a href="SVNBridge" title="SVNBridge">SVNBridge</a></li>

<li><a href="T2_Temporal_Prover" title="T2 Temporal Prover">T2 Temporal Prover</a></li>

<li><a href="Text_Template_Transformation_Toolkit" title="Text Template Transformation Toolkit">Text Template Transformation Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="TLA%2B_Toolbox" class="mw-redirect" title="TLA+ Toolbox">TLA+ Toolbox</a></li>

<li><a href="U-Prove" title="U-Prove">U-Prove</a></li>

<li><a href="Vcpkg" title="Vcpkg">vcpkg</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_File_System_for_Git" title="Virtual File System for Git">Virtual File System for Git</a></li>

<li><a href="Voldemort_(distributed_data_store)" title="Voldemort (distributed data store)">Voldemort</a></li>

<li><a href="Vowpal_Wabbit" title="Vowpal Wabbit">Vowpal Wabbit</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_App_SDK" title="Windows App SDK">Windows App SDK</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Driver_Frameworks" title="Windows Driver Frameworks">Windows Driver Frameworks</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Template_Library" title="Windows Template Library">Windows Template Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_UI_Library" title="Windows UI Library">Windows UI Library</a></li>

<li><a href="WinJS" title="WinJS">WinJS</a></li>

<li><a href="WinObjC" class="mw-redirect" title="WinObjC">WinObjC</a></li>

<li><a href="XDP_for_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="XDP for Windows">XDP for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="XUnit.net" title="XUnit.net">xUnit.net</a></li>

<li><a href="Z3_Theorem_Prover" title="Z3 Theorem Prover">Z3 Theorem Prover</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Barrelfish_(operating_system)" title="Barrelfish (operating system)">Barrelfish</a></li>

<li><a href="SONiC_(operating_system)" title="SONiC (operating system)">SONiC</a></li>

<li><a href="Azure_Linux" title="Azure Linux">Azure Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ChronoZoom" title="ChronoZoom">ChronoZoom</a></li>

<li><a href="Extensible_Storage_Engine" title="Extensible Storage Engine">Extensible Storage Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="FlexWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="FlexWiki">FlexWiki</a></li>

<li><a href="FourQ" title="FourQ">FourQ</a></li>

<li><a href="Gollum_(software)" title="Gollum (software)">Gollum</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Project Mu</a></li>

<li><a href="ReactiveX" title="ReactiveX">ReactiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="TLAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="TLAPS">TLAPS</a></li>

<li><a href="TPM_2.0_Reference_Implementation" class="mw-redirect" title="TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation">TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation</a></li>

<li><a href="WikiBhasha" title="WikiBhasha">WikiBhasha</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Public License">Microsoft Public License</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Reciprocal_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Reciprocal License">Microsoft Reciprocal License</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">Forges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a></li>

<li><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href=".NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="F_Sharp_Software_Foundation" title="F Sharp Software Foundation">F# Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_frameworks386" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Web_frameworks386" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web frameworks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks" title="Comparison of server-side web frameworks">Comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href=".NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data" title="ASP.NET Dynamic Data">Dynamic Data</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Razor" title="ASP.NET Razor">Razor</a></li>

<li><a href="ASP.NET_Web_Forms" title="ASP.NET Web Forms">Web Forms</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Blazor" title="Blazor">Blazor</a></li>

<li><a href="MonoRail_(software)" title="MonoRail (software)">MonoRail</a></li>

<li><a href="Umbraco" title="Umbraco">Umbraco</a></li>

<li><a href="WebSharper" title="WebSharper">WebSharper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CppCMS" title="CppCMS">CppCMS</a></li>

<li><a href="Drogon_(software)" title="Drogon (software)">Drogon</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Adobe_ColdFusion" title="Adobe ColdFusion">ColdFusion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ColdBox_Platform" title="ColdBox Platform">ColdBox Platform</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Servant_(web_framework)" title="Servant (web framework)">Servant</a></li>

<li><a href="Yesod_(web_framework)" title="Yesod (web framework)">Yesod</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AppFuse" title="AppFuse">AppFuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Grails_(framework)" title="Grails (framework)">Grails</a></li>

<li><a href="ICEfaces" title="ICEfaces">ICEfaces</a></li>

<li><a href="JHipster" title="JHipster">JHipster</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Faces#JSF_and_Ajax" title="Jakarta Faces">Mojarra</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Application_Platform" title="Remote Application Platform">Remote Application Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Sling" title="Apache Sling">Sling</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_Framework#Model-view-controller_framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li>

<li><a href="Stripes_(framework)" title="Stripes (framework)">Stripes</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Tapestry" title="Apache Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaadin" title="Vaadin">Vaadin</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Wicket" title="Apache Wicket">Wicket</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a>/<a href="AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a></li>

<li><a href="Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure</a></li>

<li><a href="Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo Toolkit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ember.js" title="Ember.js">Ember.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Express.js" title="Express.js">Express.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Fastify" title="Fastify">Fastify</a></li>

<li><a href="JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li>

<li><a href="Knockout.js" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout.js">Knockout.js</a></li>

<li><a href="Meteor_(web_framework)" title="Meteor (web framework)">Meteor</a></li>

<li><a href="MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li>

<li><a href="NestJS" title="NestJS">NestJS</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenUI5" title="OpenUI5">OpenUI5</a></li>

<li><a href="Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li>

<li><a href="React_(software)" title="React (software)">React</a></li>

<li><a href="Remix_(web_framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remix (web framework)">Remix</a></li>

<li><a href="Sencha_Touch" title="Sencha Touch">Sencha Touch</a></li>

<li><a href="SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li>

<li><a href="Svelte" title="Svelte">Svelte</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catalyst_(software)" title="Catalyst (software)">Catalyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Dancer_(software)" title="Dancer (software)">Dancer</a></li>

<li><a href="Maypole_framework" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypole framework">Maypole</a></li>

<li><a href="Mojolicious" title="Mojolicious">Mojolicious</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGUI" title="WebGUI">WebGUI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CakePHP" title="CakePHP">CakePHP</a></li>

<li><a href="CodeIgniter" title="CodeIgniter">CodeIgniter</a></li>

<li><a href="Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a></li>

<li><a href="EZ_Publish" title="EZ Publish">eZ Publish</a></li>

<li><a href="FuelPHP" title="FuelPHP">FuelPHP</a></li>

<li><a href="Gyroscope_(software)" title="Gyroscope (software)">Gyroscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Horde_(software)" title="Horde (software)">Horde</a></li>

<li><a href="Joomla" title="Joomla">Joomla!</a></li>

<li><a href="Laminas" title="Laminas">Laminas</a></li>

<li><a href="Laravel" title="Laravel">Laravel</a></li>

<li><a href="Midgard_(software)" title="Midgard (software)">Midgard</a></li>

<li><a href="Phalcon_(framework)" title="Phalcon (framework)">Phalcon</a></li>

<li><a href="PHP-Fusion" title="PHP-Fusion">PHP-Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="PRADO_(framework)" title="PRADO (framework)">PRADO</a></li>

<li><a href="ProcessWire" title="ProcessWire">ProcessWire</a></li>

<li><a href="Qcodo" title="Qcodo">Qcodo</a></li>

<li><a href="Silverstripe_CMS" title="Silverstripe CMS">Silverstripe</a></li>

<li><a href="Symfony" title="Symfony">Symfony</a></li>

<li><a href="WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a></li>

<li><a href="XOOPS" title="XOOPS">XOOPS</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zope#BlueBream" title="Zope">BlueBream</a></li>

<li><a href="CherryPy" title="CherryPy">CherryPy</a></li>

<li><a href="CubicWeb" title="CubicWeb">CubicWeb</a></li>

<li><a href="Django_(web_framework)" title="Django (web framework)">Django</a></li>

<li><a href="FastAPI" title="FastAPI">FastAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Flask_(web_framework)" title="Flask (web framework)">Flask</a></li>

<li><a href="Nevow" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevow">Nevow</a></li>

<li><a href="Pylons_project#Pylons_Framework" title="Pylons project">Pylons</a></li>

<li><a href="Pylons_project#Pyramid" title="Pylons project">Pyramid</a></li>

<li><a href="Quixote_(web_framework)" title="Quixote (web framework)">Quixote</a></li>

<li><a href="Tornado_(web_server)" title="Tornado (web server)">Tornado</a></li>

<li><a href="TurboGears" title="TurboGears">TurboGears</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Padrino_(web_framework)" title="Padrino (web framework)">Padrino</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinatra_(software)" title="Sinatra (software)">Sinatra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rocket_(web_framework)" title="Rocket (web framework)">Rocket</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Scalatra" title="Scalatra">Scalatra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Seaside_(software)" title="Seaside (software)">Seaside</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Oracle_Application_Express" title="Oracle Application Express">Application Express</a> (<a href="PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Grails_(framework)" title="Grails (framework)">Grails</a> (<a href="Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a>)</li>

<li><a href="OpenACS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenACS">OpenACS</a> (<a href="Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Phoenix_(web_framework)" title="Phoenix (web framework)">Phoenix</a> (<a href="Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Shiny_(web_framework)" title="Shiny (web framework)">Shiny (web framework)</a> (<a href="R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>)</li>

<li><a href="SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a> (<a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-<a href="Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Yaws_(web_server)" title="Yaws (web server)">Yaws</a> (<a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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